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Turn handwriting into text. Present like never before. From anywhere. At its introductory demonstration, Steve Jobs pitched a more usable interface and better control over the appearance and presentation of tables of data.
Numbers works in a fashion somewhat different from traditional spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel or Lotus In the traditional model, the table is the first-class citizen of the system, acting as both the primary interface for work and as the container for other types of media like charts or digital images.
In effect, the spreadsheet and the table are the same. In contrast, Numbers uses a separate "canvas" as its basic container object and tables are among the many objects that can be placed within the canvas.
This difference is not simply a case of syntax. To provide a large workspace, conventional spreadsheets extend a table in X and Y to form a very large grid — ideally infinite, but normally limited to some smaller dimension. Data is manipulated using formulas, which are placed in other cells in the same sheet and output their results back into the formula cell's display.
The rest of the sheet is "sparse", currently unused. Sheets often grow very complex with input data, intermediate values from formulas, and output areas, separated by blank areas. To manage this complexity, Excel allows one to hide data that is not of interest, [9] often intermediate values. Quattro Pro commonly introduced the idea of multiple sheets in a single book, allowing further subdivision of the data; Excel implements this as a set of tabs along the bottom of the workbook.
In contrast, Numbers does not have an underlying spreadsheet in the traditional sense but uses multiple individual tables for this purpose. Each section of data or output from formulas can be combined into an existing table or placed into a new table.
Tables can be collected by the user onto single or multiple canvases. Whereas a typical Excel sheet has data strewn across it, a Numbers canvas could build the same output through smaller individual tables encompassing the same data. Consider a simple spreadsheet used to calculate the average value of all car sales in a month for a given year.
The sheet might contain the month number or name in column A, the number of cars sold in column B, and the total income in column C. The user wishes to complete the task of "calculating the average income per car sold by dividing the total income by the number of cars sold and putting the resulting average in column D". From the user's perspective, the values in the cells have semantic content, they are "cars sold" and "total income" and they want to manipulate this to produce an output value, "average price".
In traditional spreadsheets, the semantic value of the numbers is lost. The number in cell B2 is not "the number of cars sold in January", but simply "the value in cell B2". As the spreadsheet is unaware of the user's desire for D to be an output column, the user copies that formula into all of the cells in D. However, as the formula refers to data on different rows, it must be modified as it is copied into the cells in D, changing it to refer to the correct row.
Excel automates this later task by using a relative referencing system that works as long as the cells retain their location relative to the formula. However, this system requires Excel to track any changes to the layout of the sheet and adjust the formulas, a process that is far from foolproof.
During the development of Improv , the Lotus team discovered that these sorts of formulas were both difficult to use and resistant to future changes in the spreadsheet layout. These data ranges were known as "categories". Formulas were written by referring to these categories by name, creating a new category that could be if desired placed in the sheet for display. Archived from the original on March 5, Jonathan I. March 9, Retrieved July 1, January 7, Retrieved February 3, October 22, Archived from the original on May 17, Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved February 8, Apple Support.
Archived from the original on February 22, January 11, January 10, August 7, January 6, Archived from the original on June 27, June 27, Archived from the original on April 5, Retrieved December 9, April 3, Retrieved April 29, April 11, Archived from the original on May 5, Archived from the original on June 19, Retrieved March 25, Presentation software.
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